I think I understand where you are coming from. I think something I failed to express is that I was speaking of conquest in the context of it being a source of societal change (as related to revolutions). I agree conquest between independent, but culturally similar kingdoms, could lead to a change of rulership without any cultural impact on the population at large. And so a "domestic" revolt conducted by only a small part of the population could potentially be more "invasive" and "disruptive" than a technically "foreign" conquest.Let me approach this from a different direction, then. At one point Rowan remarks that he barely knows any nobles from outside his duchy (and bear in mind that he's seen more of Rosaria than most commoners). If there was a peasant uprising in a different duchy that was to intended to force Baron Casamir to change kingdom-wide policy... On what grounds could we consider that legitimate? Most of the country has no idea what these nobles did to anger the peasants so, yet their way of life will be changed as well.
If there's no actual common tie between villages, no shared identity, then a "popular revolt" isn't really a concept that can be applied to the setting in my opinion - just a different regional uprising.
Though to return to the cultural argument - the important point here is that in medieval times, someone living in Magdeburg had about as much in common with someone living in Megeve as they did Cologne. Religion was the common cultural touchstone at the time, rather than who ruled their lands. So pretty much any war contained within Europe during the time period (England/Normandy excepted, because that's the one example I can think of where they actually did attempt to enforce cultural change) would find that the effects would largely be limited to changing tax collectors; as such, what makes conquest during the time period so horrible? As the scale of wars increased, and as the ability to extract wealth from the population grew, certainly it became an increasingly terrible thing, but back in the day... A lord putting down a peasant uprising could easily do more harm than a war would have.
This is why I question the utility of your heuristic as applied to the setting - I can see the rationale for a post-WW1 environment, but many of the underlying assumptions don't seem transferable to earlier eras.
But I think there are plenty of examples of attempted cultural change in medieval europe's history, Umayyad conquest of Hispania (and consequentially the Reconquista), Byzantines and Lombards disputing the italian peninsula, the crusader kingdoms, etc. If you're willing to look post-renaissance then you could add european colonization of Africa, India, the Americas, etc.
In the context of the game, I think the conquest of Rastedel by the Twins is much more comparable to the more invasive conquests, rather than your trivial neighbouring german kingdoms affair. So I think it will be a conquest that will be source of deep societal changes, akin to a revolution in that sense, and while some of those changes can potentially be ones the people of Rastedel could welcome as positive (like more social mobility), it is also very likely that the conquerors will trample on many other aspects of Rastedel's culture that the local population will not appreciate, in particular the ones associated with Solansia, which to me is the most damaging way of causing societal changes to a people, forced by outsiders with a very different world vision.