This isn't Java's responsibility, because Inno is using an older version that's compatible with the game. Inno is deliberately lagging behind so the game doesn't break. Credit where it's due.
That's why the exe version exists. It's bloated since the engine is included, but it also works since the engine is included.
For those who want to keep using the Java version, here's how I managed to do it (and you should too, since you can actually change the amount of memory the game can use with it).
Make a new text file in the folder the *.jar file is in.
Open it up, and open up your Program Files (NOT x86). Open the Java folder, and if you've been keeping your older versions when you update Java, open a folder that
isn't the latest (at time of writing it's 1.8.0_341 but it may be different later, just choose a version before 341 to be safe since it seems to work with 333). Find java.exe in the "bin" folder. Now go to the text file (it should still be open in notepad... or your favorite text editor). Right click on java.exe and select [Copy as path...]. Paste it into the text file, then add "-jar" and the name of the Lilith's Throne *.jar file after "-jar". Make sure to surround it with quotes and include its file extension. Since "Program Files" has a space in it, we'll have to change that; replace that part of the filepath in the line with "PROGRA~1", which works the same as going straight to the folder. If you want more memory allocated to the game, add -Xmx[Memory amount here in M, G, etc.] to the end of the line.
Once everything is done, it should look like this:
C:\PROGRA~1\Java\jre1.8.0_333\bin\java.exe -jar "Lolilith's Throne.jar" -Xmx8G
Yours may be different, but it should look similar enough.
Save the text file and rename its extension to "*.bat". Give it whatever name you'd like, but preferrably something along the lines of "RUN ME" just in case you forget what it's for.
Hopefully, after following this, the java file will work for you. I've tested it myself and it seems to be fine.