Well, credit card companies refusing the transaction of lewd are less legality in terms of contents, but more about optics. The current cultural and political situation makes practically any company that can be associated with lewd a bad PR, but not only that, 18+ contents are considered high-risk and thus the processing of transaction itself charge a larger fee. This is why there are high-risk credit card companies specifically located in Vegas. The attitude toward adult contents in Patreon is not without Patreon's fault.
Currently, Patreon still allow adult contents, despite what they claim in their terms of service, Jack Conte must have known what sort of service they are providing to creators like DarkCookie, this was exactly why Patreon had fought against Paypal back in 2016. The sudden censorship of content specifically incest, bestiality, and etc comes across as less pressure from Paypal but more like Patreon doesn't like these contents.
You have to understand, Visa and Mastercard's whole intorerance against lewds are not consistent, in fact they provide service to Fantia.
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TLDR: West are ok with extreme violence but is triggered when it comes to lewds. Jack Conte is too much of a pussy to admit that a good chunk of his revenues are from creators of adult contents and is too much of a pussy to implement specalized payment service for 18+ patreons. Japanese don't give a fuck, and credit card processors make money while riding safe politically.