Not as good as hoped, especially with the speed things were moving before...but better a little good news than nothing.
No clue. There have been a lot of things caught after this mini release and time has been spent fixing those as opposed to trying to add new content, even planned new content...so no...hopefully faster than this one, but no promises until we see what kind of groove the creative side of things can find.
Part 0ish: No, time is not constantly flowing. When you "take actions" in the game, those actions move time along. So you can sit and plan and decide what you want to do, and definitely play at a relaxed pace.
Part 1: Walkthrough. Pretty sure the only posted one is for 0.3.x level version of the game before changes were made to such things as food needs and time passage adjustments. to my knowledge no one has made one for anything 0.4 and beyond.
Part 2: It is very possible that the food needs and time passage are not synchronized like reality. It is a quasi realistic mechanic for the game that was, in a form even in the older game, and the changes have been made keeping the spirit of that in mind. So, there will be time passage, you are not going to be able to mash everything into one day...and food will be needed even if not 3 square meals a day. Could it be fine tuned? Probably. I don't think the food consumption and usage was adjusted significantly after the time changes, including not being able to do things after 2300.
Now...thinking about it...if the minimum time passage chunk is 15 minutes, and an activity takes 1 hunger spot, then evrey hour is 4, and since 5 to -5 is ten, we see 2.5 hours per full food transition. Well..in concept that would be an easy enough fix...if we double those values but leave the usage the same for when things happen, a full meal would give you 5 hours, much closer to what you are referencing. Maybe some smaller adjustments to what food gives you too for snacks could happen too. Though, this means changes throughout the whole game would have to be done (again.)
Now, as for time passage...the idea (even if not perfectly executed) is that the time passage for what is happening makes sense most of the time, with a minimum amount so we're not breaking time into real time. If the scene says you play in the pool for an hour...then 60 minutes should pass in the in game time. If it says you play video games for 3 hours...then 3 hours should pass. Note: Each of these things probably only uses 1 hunger point, even though it is much longer time than the above example...which, in its own way, makes sense. If I sit on a couch playing video games..I might get a little hungry, but if I spent the same amount of time working out...i would likely get more hungry.
One of the biggest time issues in the newer version is being fixed on the back end now, specifically, the time from when you leave downtown and go home. You could leave downtown at 9AM, it would still force you to 6 PM. I know for a fact a fix of that was worked on in the last few days...but There has been no plans/discussion of removing the need to feed, or the passage of time overall from the game.