Just a bit of international law for those that need it...
First of all let's talk about the rights of a translation related to a main object which would be the one under intellectual protection.
A translation can only be considered a derivative product in the case that the creator of the original product approves of it, if it doesn't get approved it means that the translation has no rights and even worse, if the original creator thinks that it damages his profits he has all rights to make a demand based on it and take it down.
Now, that's the general rule, in games there aren't any cases related to translations of it because the derivative product needs the original one to be used so it shouldn't damage in theory the profits of the original creator. If we used analogy (and I mean the legal one), in theory you could attack it as a normal translation of things like news, books... but personally I think it doesn't have enough similarities to be applied mainly because of the need of the original product.
I would say that if there isn't a very strict law, a game translation would fall under the "fair use" clause, even so when the original creator asks for the takedown of a translation no translator would risk going against it, but I would say that if a game is sold internationally there would be no risk for doing a fan translation at all.
But all that I said is based around the translator obtaining no profit over the translation, as a derivative product in ALL CASES, it requires the consent of the original creator for it to obtain any profit at all. Even if it was a translation patch, if they sell it they have no rights at all over their content.