All of that is explained in the narrative and dialogue. You may have missed it. There has not been an instance without atmosphere being present. Microgravity (there is no real zero gravity area in space since there is always mass at work from somewhere) also has not been experienced since the ships are super advanced and have artificial gravity, however, humans can survive microgravity quite well for several months as our contemporary astronauts can attest to so long as they get exercise and proper nourishment. Firearms were prevented from being in the queens chamber due to automated security protocols. Swords apparently were allowed, however, the alien attackers apparently have a cultural macho image of fighting unarmed in certain situations. The aliens sent to attack the queen were dressed oddly.. chalk it up to cultural differences (those were grunts, probably barely above slave labor). Not everyone dresses the same, eats the same food, speaks the same language, etc. automatically. Alien is just that.. alien (different). I suppose that is why they are in the minority and renegades. They are being exterminated due to their inability to cope after they come up with a plan and their code of conduct does not bode well for their future.
No... Why did you have to do it!? Why? Why prove me right!?
On a serious note...
Considering that logic specifically or philosophy in general, it seems, no longer considered worthy of teaching in high schools and college. And you, my dear friend, not seems to be able descreen irony and reference, since, in all seriousness, started to comment on a part of my original post that have nothing to do with this game. Allow me to elaborate.
I will save time and forum space and will not go in to a rabbit hole of this story inconsistencies. Just one touch.
Have you ever seen or heard of umm... "less advanced individuals" using advanced tech?
I will answer for you. No. Never.
Do you ever wondered why is that?
Because utilizing a certain level of technology requires a certain level of education and mind development. (example: an average Joe from remote village will not be able to pilot a fighter jet).
And reaching more complex levels of understanding requires for individual to go through certain basic levels first. (example: you can't send and average 10 years kid in to high school or collage and expect him to understand what they teach him).
But when you DO reach needed level. You know and understand why it is a bad idea to stick your head in nozzle of a jet when it's starting it's engine, for example. Or, a bit more complex concept, you know and understand that you need a breathing mask when you go high and fast enough being on board of said jet.
After all, it is surreal and impossible to see some middle ages knight or, even, primitive piloting our fighter.
And finally, once you "advanced" enough for jet (or, for example, some sort of space ship), some simpler concepts, such as utilizing body armor or any other means of self defense AND offense, if you try to go and capture residence of
PLANETARY leader of no less advanced civilization, should be kinda obvious.
The same true for other side as well. Especially if this is advanced spacefaring civilization, and they are really concerned about safety of their leader.
So, considering that simple logic chain, I hope I managed to convey the absurdity of some empty-handed space-hobos succeeding at capturing queen palace of space-kitties. And, while we at it, main protagonist rushing in action without any preparation and... well, lets say, useful gear, looks not very... umm, bright as well.