4. Bonus worth 10 scu when pickpocketing (stealing from houses is unaffected) and, although I'm not entirely certain about this or any of the details, 30 scu worth when setting traps or explosives (people seem to not like it when you set up explosives around them, so you have to be sneaky about it)
5. You get 5 + your amount of lvlups (up to 98 at lvl 99) + 1 if you rebirthed with the ship ending (regardless of how many times you do this)
6. Long answer is long, I'm trying to make it as short as possible
There are 4 different variables for scoutcraft which are:
$game_player.actor.scoutcraft_trait (the amount of trait points allocated to scu) (visible in the traits menu)
$game_player.actor.scoutcraft_plus (the total amount of all bonuses from states and equipment)
$game_player.actor.scoutcraft (the combined amount of $game_player.actor.scoutcraft_trait and $game_player.actor.scoutcraft_plus) (shown in green in the equipment menu)
$game_player.scoutcraft (which when sneaking is equal to 4*$game_player.actor.scoutcraft, when not sneaking is equal to 4*$game_player.actor.scoutcraft_plus and equal to -12 when sprinting) (number used to be visible in the save preview) (is updated
once per second)
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To work out $game_player.actor.scoutcraft_plus just subtract your trait points from the green number in equipment menu.
The racial bonuses increase or decrease $game_player.actor.scoutcraft_plus, which is different from $game_player.actor.scoutcraft_trait in that it doesn't affect movement speed, dropped item duration or brightness in underground maps, but it does affect $game_player.scoutcraft without having to sneak which makes being a moot an absolute blessing for stealth tactics because you don't have to use sneak until you get within a specific distance, and being a deepone a pretty harsh curse for well... anything (the -scu is a dealbreaker imo)
How big is a bonus? I'm truly sorry but the answer is different for everything. Success or partial success for something could be determined by any of the 4, a combination of any of the 4, or something slightly more complex or something very complex.