If you look around the base of some of the tall rock piles, you should see a black patch on some of the rocks that you can mine with a pickaxe, you can harvest stone and charcoal from them.
I have had the exact same issue with the crafting on the most recent version (0.8.4.3) and deleting all old saves and configs.
I tried building a bed in the fisherman's hut and the game just wouldn't respond, it did take my resources once, but the bed never appeared. I had the same problem with trying to build a forge. I had the wood and stone, but no matter where I tried placing the forge the game would never build it.
I did manage to build a camp fire and a workbench after talking with the fisherman, but couldn't build anything else.