You have to understand that, beyond its use as a mnemonic device, repetition also had greater value in olden times because these things weren’t recorded: you heard the poem when it was being recited, but then you couldn’t go and reread that passage you liked; you had to wait until the next time the bard came in town. Therefore, getting to hear the same verse a few times over the course of a story might be have been a welcome addition for listeners. (The same applies to music, etc.: older works like sonatas and rondos have a lot of repetition which performers today often skip entirely, because it’s tiring to us who have MP3 players and Spotify and can listen to anything whenever we want; but, back in the day, the audience would have been grateful to hear things multiple times.)Anything from how characters are introduced in same formulaic ways, say Achilles, son of Peleus at start or end of a line, or swift-footed achilles, both of which repeat throughout the text, to scenes like the counting of the ships to retelling of speech already stated by others etc.
A fair bit of padding that serves a purpose especially in a oral telling.